Abstract
Background: The adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) are unintentional injuries that occur during medical procedures and can cause significant harm, disability, and even death. AEMTs represent a global healthcare challenge with varying regional impacts. This study aimed to assess the global burden of AEMTs from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021.
Methods: Data from the GBD 2021 study were analyzed, and the results were reported as numbers and age-standardized rates (ASR).
Results: In 2021, the worldwide burden of AEMT was calculated to be 12.5 million incident cases (ASR: 150.4 per 100000), marking a 5.3% decrease since 1990. AEMT-related deaths in 2021 totaled 122,330 (ASR: 1.5 per 100000), reflecting a 36.1% reduction since 1990. The incidence rate was the highest in New Zealand (1,345.5 per 100000), while Indonesia had the lowest rate (12.9 per 100000). From 1990 to 2021, Brazil witnessed the highest increase in incidence (225.7%), while Israel experienced the largest decrease (50.3%). Incident cases peaked at 65–69 and 70–74 years of age for females and males, respectively, with higher rates in females aged 20–69. The burden of AEMT decreased as sociodemographic index levels rose from 1990 to 2021.
Conclusion: The global burden of AEMT remains a critical challenge characterized by regional disparities and age-related trends. While the absolute burden increased, ASRs decreased, indicating improvements in healthcare. This study highlights the need for age-specific guidelines, enhanced training, and improved reporting. Continued advancements in healthcare systems and technology are crucial for safer treatment outcomes globally.